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The use of both checking if the ifstream object used to call the open function is NULL and whether the ifstream objects fail member f

#include <fstream> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main () {    ifstream infile;    infile.open("students.dat");    cout << "(infile) = " << infile << endl;    cout << "(infile.fail()) = " << infile.fail() << endl;    return 0; }